Bond Duration and Convexity: How Prices Move with Yields
Duration measures bond price sensitivity to yield changes; convexity corrects the curve. Formulas, a worked example, and a snapshot table.
investing basics
How Stock Spinoffs Work: Section 355 Tax-Free Explained
Spinoffs detach a subsidiary into its own public stock. Here’s how Section 355 keeps the deal tax-free, plus the FedEx Freight playbook.
Tax-Loss Harvesting and the Wash Sale Rule Explained
How tax-loss harvesting works, the 61-day wash sale window, and what counts as ‘substantially identical’ under the 2026 capital gains brackets.
Options Greeks Explained: Delta, Gamma, Theta, Vega, Rho
A plain-English guide to the five option Greeks — what each measures, when it matters, and how traders use them in real positions.
Merger Arbitrage Explained: Deal Spreads and Risk
Merger arb is the spread between a target’s price and the deal price. Here is the math, the risk, and a worked example on the Paramount-WBD deal.
Sortino Ratio Explained: Why Downside Risk Beats Sharpe
The Sortino ratio measures returns per unit of downside risk, not total volatility. Here is the formula, a worked example, and when to use it.
Value at Risk Explained: How Banks Measure Tail Risk
Value at Risk turns a portfolio’s potential loss into one number. Here is how the three methods work, why VaR misses the tail, and what regulators use instead.
Cash Conversion Cycle Explained: DSO, DIO, DPO
The cash conversion cycle measures how many days a company’s cash is tied up in operations. Here is the formula, a worked example, and why negative CCC is the holy grail of working capital.
Maximum Drawdown Explained: The Real Risk No Average Captures
Maximum drawdown is the worst peak-to-trough loss a portfolio has taken – the single number that captures the pain volatility hides.
DuPont Analysis Explained: 3-Step and 5-Step ROE
DuPont analysis splits return on equity into margin, asset turnover, and leverage so you can see whether a high ROE comes from operating skill, capital efficiency, or just borrowing.