Fed Consumer Survey: Heavy Debt Burdens Jump to 8.6% of Families
The Fed’s 2025 Survey of Consumer Finances reveals debt payment-to-income ratios above 40% surged to 8.6%, signaling strain across consumer ABS and credit.
federal reserve
GDP vs. GDI: Why Economic Output and Income Diverge
GDP and GDI measure the same economy from opposite sides. Learn how output and income diverge, what causes the statistical gap, and why the Fed watches GDO.
Fed Minutes Flag AI Debt Surge Lifting Treasury Yields
FOMC minutes reveal that heavy AI infrastructure debt issuance and Treasury buyback uncertainty contributed to higher term premiums and bond yields.
How to Read FOMC Minutes: Fed Speak, Nuance, and Signals
Learn how to read FOMC minutes: decode the three-week lag, calibrated Fed speak quantifiers, and the critical signals that move bond and stock markets.
Primary Dealers Explained: How Wall Street Transmits Fed Policy
Explore how primary dealers buy Treasuries at auction, execute Fed open market operations, provide secondary market liquidity, and fund operations via repo.
Federal Reserve vs. U.S. Treasury: Key Differences Explained
Understand the distinct roles of the Federal Reserve and U.S. Treasury, how debt issuance differs from monetary policy, and how money moves through markets.
Fed Discount Window Explained: Rates, Collateral, and Stigma
How the Federal Reserve’s discount window works: primary credit rates, eligible collateral, borrowing mechanics, and why banks manage discount window stigma.
Treasury Curve Steepens to +46 Bps: What 5.24% Yields Mean for Debt
The 2s10s Treasury yield curve steepened to +46 bps as the 10-year yield held at 5.24%, creating a challenging refinancing backdrop for corporate borrowers.
September Jobs Add Just 29,000: Stocks Jump as Yields Slide
U.S. employers added 29,000 jobs in September while unemployment rose to 4.2%, cooling Fed rate hike fears and sparking a rally in stock index futures.
Fed Finalizes Stress Test Rule to Cut Capital Volatility
The Federal Reserve finalized rules to halve stress-test capital volatility using two-year averaging and mandate annual public comment on supervisory models.