Private Equity 101: How PE Funds Actually Work
How PE funds are structured: GPs, LPs, 2-and-20, carried interest, hurdle rate, and the distribution waterfall — with a worked example on a $1B fund.
How PE funds are structured: GPs, LPs, 2-and-20, carried interest, hurdle rate, and the distribution waterfall — with a worked example on a $1B fund.
Spot bitcoin ETFs explained: the January 2024 approval, how authorized participants mint and redeem shares, cash vs in-kind, Coinbase custody, and where fees really bite.
IPO 101 with real numbers: what an S-1 filing is, how bookbuilding sets the price, why greenshoes and lock-ups exist, and what first-day pops mean.
Quad witching is really triple witching now: three contract types expire on the third Friday of Mar, Jun, Sep, Dec. Here’s the real mechanics.
What is a convertible bond? Coupon savings, conversion premium, dilution risk, and how hedge funds run convertible arbitrage — with real examples.
VWAP is the intraday benchmark institutions and traders share. Learn the formula, how to read it, and where it misleads.
The VIX measures expected S&P 500 volatility over the next 30 days. Here is how it is calculated, what levels mean, and where it misleads.
A clear, math-honest guide to the five Greeks — with a worked Black-Scholes chain, delta and theta charts, and sources you can verify.
A gamma squeeze forces dealers hedging calls to buy stock, pushing it higher. Here’s the mechanism, how to spot one, and why GameStop wasn’t one.
How US market circuit breakers halt trading — the 7%, 13%, 20% S&P 500 triggers and the single-stock LULD bands that pause runaway moves.