Defined Benefit vs. Defined Contribution: Pensions vs. 401(k)s
Compare defined benefit pensions and defined contribution 401(k) plans, including IRS rules, investment risk, vesting, and worked retirement formulas.
retirement planning
Traditional vs. Roth IRA: Tax Rules and 5-Year Clock
Understand how Traditional and Roth IRAs differ in tax deductions, the 5-year withdrawal rule, contribution limits, and account protections.
The 4% Rule Explained: Bengen, Trinity, and Reality
What the 4% rule is, where it came from, the math, the assumptions that do the work, and where it breaks down.
Sequence of Returns Risk: Why Order Matters in Retirement
Two retirees with the same average return can end wealthy or broke — because withdrawals turn the ORDER of returns into the decisive risk. Here’s why.
401(k) Pitfalls: Protecting Retirement in a War Economy
Macroeconomic trends are driving equity and bond markets in unexpected directions. Here’s a clear-eyed analysis of what the data shows for investors thi…