Original Issue Discount (OID) Explained: Rules, Math, and Taxes
Learn how Original Issue Discount (OID) works, how the IRS de minimis threshold is calculated, and how phantom tax rules apply to discounted debt securities.
bond investing
Tax-Equivalent Yield: How to Compare Munis and Treasuries
Learn how to calculate tax-equivalent yield (TEY) to compare municipal bonds, U.S. Treasuries, and corporate debt on a true after-tax basis.
Convertible Bonds Explained: Coupon, Premium, Dilution
What is a convertible bond? Coupon savings, conversion premium, dilution risk, and how hedge funds run convertible arbitrage — with real examples.
Convertible Bonds: How Debt and Equity Merge in One Security
Learn how convertible bonds work — coupon, conversion ratio, bond floor, and conversion premium — with plain-English examples and a verified worked illustration.