DCF Valuation Explained: Inputs, Math, and Pitfalls
DCF values a company as the present value of its future free cash flow. Here is the formula, a worked example, and the three inputs that break it.
Market Education
Learn how stocks, bonds and capital markets work. Explore plain-English explanations, worked examples and charts, then follow related coverage to connect market concepts with current events. Find your way around ECMSource.
How an IPO Actually Works: S-1, Bookbuilding, Greenshoe
From S-1 filing to the greenshoe, how a private company actually goes public — underwriters, the roadshow, pricing, allocations, and stabilization.
Stock Buybacks Explained: Mechanics, EPS Math, Taxes
How share repurchases actually work — open-market vs ASR vs Dutch auction, the EPS math that drives them, SEC Rule 10b-18, and the 1% excise tax.
Enterprise Value Explained: When EV/EBITDA Beats P/E
Enterprise value captures the debt and cash that market cap ignores. Here’s the EV formula, the EV/EBITDA multiple, a worked example, and when it misleads.
Leveraged Buyouts 101: How LBOs Actually Work
How buyout funds use debt to acquire companies — the capital stack, IRR math, value-creation levers, and when LBO math breaks.
Workday Beats: Subs +14%, Raises FY27 Margin to 30.5%
Workday’s Q1 FY27 hit $2.54B in revenue and $616M in free cash flow; FY27 non-GAAP operating margin guidance was raised to 30.5%.
How ETFs Actually Work: Creation, Redemption, Tax Trick
How ETFs really work: authorized participants, the creation/redemption mechanism, in-kind tax efficiency, premiums/discounts to NAV, and Rule 6c-11.
Uber Eyes Full Delivery Hero Bid After 25% Stealth Stake
Bloomberg: Uber holds 19.5% of Delivery Hero plus 5.6% in options. A full bid on the EUR10B Frankfurt-listed delivery giant would reshape global food delivery.
TJX Beats and Raises: Comps +6%, EPS $1.19, Buyback to $3B
TJX Companies posted Q1 FY27 comps up 6%, EPS of $1.19 (+29% YoY), returned $1.1B to shareholders, and lifted its FY27 sales, margin, EPS, and buyback guidance.
Convertible Bonds Explained: When Debt Turns Into Stock
How convertible bonds work: conversion ratio, conversion premium, the bond floor, convertible arbitrage, and the four main types of converts.