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Market Education

Learn how stocks, bonds and capital markets work. Explore plain-English explanations, worked examples and charts, then follow related coverage to connect market concepts with current events. Find your way around ECMSource.

TJX Beats and Raises: Comps +6%, EPS $1.19, Buyback to $3B

September 12, 2026May 22, 2026 by Bruno M.
TJX Beats and Raises: Comps +6%, EPS $1.19, Buyback to $3B

TJX Companies posted Q1 FY27 comps up 6%, EPS of $1.19 (+29% YoY), returned $1.1B to shareholders, and lifted its FY27 sales, margin, EPS, and buyback guidance.

Categories Stock Market, Stocks Tags consumer spending, off-price retail, retail earnings, stock market, TJX earnings

Convertible Bonds Explained: When Debt Turns Into Stock

September 12, 2026May 22, 2026 by Bruno M.
Convertible Bonds Explained: When Debt Turns Into Stock

How convertible bonds work: conversion ratio, conversion premium, the bond floor, convertible arbitrage, and the four main types of converts.

Categories Market Education Tags capital markets, convertible arbitrage, convertible bonds, corporate bonds, hybrid securities, investing basics

FedEx-Advent $9.3B InPost Tender Opens May 26

September 12, 2026May 22, 2026 by Bruno M.
FedEx-Advent $9.3B InPost Tender Opens May 26

InPost’s €7.8B/$9.3B take-private tender from FedEx, Advent, PPF and founder Rafal Brzoska opens May 26 at EUR15.60/share – a 50% premium over Jan 2 levels.

Categories Capital Markets, Stocks Tags advent international, capital markets, fedex, inpost, tender offer

Hedge Funds Explained: Strategies, Fees, and Structure

September 12, 2026May 22, 2026 by Bruno M.
Hedge Funds Explained: Strategies, Fees, and Structure

What a hedge fund actually is, the 2-and-20 fee structure with high-water marks, the four main strategies, and how hedge funds differ from mutual funds, PE, and VC.

Categories Market Education Tags 2 and 20 fees, accredited investor, hedge funds, investing basics, private funds, qualified purchaser

Beta, Alpha, and CAPM: What They Actually Measure

September 12, 2026May 21, 2026 by Bruno M.
Beta, Alpha, and CAPM: What They Actually Measure

Beta measures how a stock moves with the market. CAPM converts that risk into a required return. Alpha is what’s left over. Here is what each really means, with verified data.

Categories Market Education Tags alpha investing, beta explained, capm formula, investing basics, portfolio risk, stock market

REITs Explained: How Real Estate Investment Trusts Work

September 12, 2026May 21, 2026 by Bruno M.
REITs Explained: How Real Estate Investment Trusts Work

What is a REIT, the 90% dividend rule, equity vs mortgage REITs, why FFO matters more than net income, and why rising rates hit REITs first.

Categories Market Education, Stock Market Tags ffo, interest rates, investing basics, real estate investment trusts, REITs

What Is Free Cash Flow — and Why Investors Trust It

September 12, 2026May 20, 2026 by Bruno M.
What Is Free Cash Flow — and Why Investors Trust It

Free cash flow shows the cash a company really keeps after capex. Here’s the formula, real Big Tech examples, and why FCF beats earnings.

Categories Market Education Tags fcf, free cash flow, fundamental analysis, investing basics, valuation

What Is EBITDA — And What It Doesn’t Tell You

September 12, 2026May 20, 2026 by Bruno M.
What Is EBITDA — And What It Doesn’t Tell You

EBITDA strips out interest, tax, and non-cash charges. Here’s how to calculate it, why Wall Street uses it, and where it misleads.

Categories Market Education Tags ebitda, ev/ebitda, financial statements, investing basics, non-GAAP earnings, valuation multiples

How Treasury Auctions Work: Bid-to-Cover and Tails

September 12, 2026May 18, 2026 by Bruno M.
How Treasury Auctions Work: Bid-to-Cover and Tails

How the U.S. Treasury actually raises money: single-price auctions, competitive vs noncompetitive bids, primary dealers, and what tails reveal.

Categories Market Education Tags bid-to-cover ratio, bond market, investing basics, primary dealers, treasury auctions, treasury bonds

Investment Grade vs High Yield: Ratings, Spreads, Defaults

September 12, 2026May 18, 2026 by Bruno M.
Investment Grade vs High Yield: Ratings, Spreads, Defaults

Investment grade vs high-yield bonds explained: the BBB-/Baa3 cutoff, credit spreads, default rates, and recovery — what actually separates the two.

Categories Market Education Tags bond ratings, capital markets, credit spreads, default risk, high yield bonds, investment grade bonds
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